Current problems of urban planning, the lack of detailed knowledge about the future of cities and issues; If today is the result of foresight in the past; After numerous bugs in the way of planning and urban planners in the past for the future of our understanding of the time there. This show that the futurology as an interdisciplinary science of urban planning necessary to develop a special place that marks the future prospects of urban planning and Scenario can be a powerful tool among the methods futurology by understanding the driving forces and uncertainties, in the form of multiple stories of the future, helping to clarify the future ambiguous space for planning and decision making. This paper is in the field of interdisciplinary with the fundamental approach has Analytical-descriptive and Tries with library studies and documents review the futurology studies paradigms in the levels of ontology, epistemology and methodology. Then, to clarify the concepts and structures of thought in the field, Analyze the Tools and methods of Futurology and scenario And by providing A model combination of Futurology methods In order to create harmony between the various methods, Provide Possibility of using target them In various research position for researchers.

The main aim of this research was to examine different features of pedestrian areas in terms of architecture and urbanism features and to introduce current approaches to planning and designing pedestrian areas.According to this study, current trends to planning and designing pedestrian areas can be divided into two main categories, including: 1- object-based approach, and 2- human-based approach. Human-based approach, which this research focuses on that, is sub-divided into tow coarse-grained groups including the group which focuses on 1- social life quality, and 2- individual life quality.This research accentuated that proper attention on the life quality of pedestrian in designing and planning can provide a suitable condition in which better situation for pedestrian’s comfort can be provided. Accordingly, it causes of non-car-based city.As a result, this paper offered that planning and designing pedestrian areas should be based on social life quality and individual life quality respectively. Therefore, a hierarchical system related to pedestrian’s need for life quality provided from safety to aesthetic, which can be applied to design and planning pedestrian areas.

Today, the cultural industries are increasingly important and will play a key role in the future of the world economy and culture. The main purpose of countries planning their economic future based on cultural industries is to preserve and develop their own culture first, and then economic dynamics. Taking into account the social and cultural geometry of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, preserving and developing one's own culture is a priority, and policy making in the cultural industries must be pursued. In addition, given that the planning of the Iranian economy in the recent years is in line with the resistive economy, the dynamics of cultural industries can contribute to the endogenous economic growth of the country and, consequently, be used to implement the resistive economy. This research was conducted through the analysis of the content of 35 in-depth interviews with cultural industry experts and practitioners. Using the content analysis method, four general themes have been identified as indexes of the cultural industries, which include: spreading the discourse of the Islamic Revolution, the dynamics of the urban economy, being popular, and participatory. Each of the themes has also been identified in five key areas for the exploitation of indigenous cultural industries, including the areas of production, infrastructure, market, investment, and vocational education, and each has provided strategies and suggestions. The most important proposals include the creation of a new technology investment program, the creation of a city's cultural and artistic creativity register, the creation of a secretariat or council for the development of cultural industries, and the creation of a venture capital fund.

Supplying required human resource is one of the strategic goals of an organization. Therefore, organizations plan and predict the required human resources in order to prevent this problem.Present study using practical approach seeks to assist organizations to achieve their various goals in human resources planning. The designed model in this study clarifies vague, inaccurate, and fuzzy expressions and gives credit to planning model. The basic assumption in this study was the significant difference between the results of the deterministic and the fuzzy human resource planning models in the statistical society. The data were obtained with the help of lingo software. Then, these data were analyzed using paired samples T test and SPSS software. The comparison of the measure of objective function with unfavorable deviations from goals in deterministic and fuzzy models indicated that the fuzzy model had less unfavorable deviations from goals and provided results that were more accurate.Further, the results indicated that the organization should pay more attention to the teleworking manpower in order to achieve its goals in the human resource management.

Over the past few decades, democratic procedures have been raised as main core of most urban planning methods. In this regard, the present research adopts Descriptive-Evaluation methods and uses meta-analysis method so as to review the democratic procedures at the heart of planning theories and democracy and to explore their paradigmatic interaction. The main challenge is the emergence of planning Practices based on public interest and in alignment with democratic nature of it, so the results of present research suggest that transition to post-modern era of planning perspective is accompanied by association between democratic procedures and certain subjects such as public interest, consensus, pluralism, uncertainty and agonistic arenas. In this regard, the theory of planning has experienced a paradigmatic shift towards agonistic planning which is a democratic accountability mechanism premised on intellectual support of agonistic democracy. So this article tries to recognize and set up a platform for emergence of new democratic theories, especially appearance the agonistic planning theory in Iran, and consequently the formation of social discourse due to turning hostility into agnostic and replacing enmity by disagreement or aggression by competition.

Background: To date, there is still no uniformity in forecasting models for health workforce planning (HWFP). Different countries use various HWFP models, some of which are contextspecific. The objective of this systematic review is to determine approaches and components of HWFP models. Methods: A systematic review of studies published in English and Persian between 2004 and 2021 was performed by searching PubMed Central, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Eric, and Elmnet databases. Articles that assessed HWFP models, focused on health service delivery, used input-output models, and a clear formulation process were included. Articles that scored ≥, 20 points on the “, strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology”,checklist were considered of acceptable quality for inclusion. Results: Twenty articles were included for qualitative synthesis based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most studies used the mixed method approach “, supply and demand”, , whereas target-and needs-based approaches were used less frequently. The number of components used to estimate supply, demand, needs, and targets were 42, 32, 11, and 6, respectively. In addition, several unique factors used in the various HWFP models were identified. Conclusion: Different approaches are used in HWFP models, which is indicative of the lack of consensus on this topic. High diversity in the identified factors is related to the approach used and the context in which the model is applied.

According to global experiences, participatory planning and management could be used as a tool to achieve the goals of sustainable development for wetlands. This tool hasn't been used for Anzali wetland yet. The reults of this research indicate that, "lack of sense of ownership by stakeholders", "absence of enthusiasm by experts, planners and managers on participation", "poor communication among stakeholders", "weak organization of some stakeholders", "Ambiguity on future utilization by stakeholders", "conflict of interests among stakeholders", "improper livelihhood of stakeholders", "temporary utilization by some stakeholders", "resistance of present management system against participation", and "non-familiarity of experts, planners and managers with participatory techniques and methods" are the most significant obstructions hindering participatory planning and management of Anzali wetland, respectively.Establishing suggestions system, developing framework of traditional rights of stakeholders on the wetland, improving planning and management processes, education and training experts, planners and managers, organizing stakeholders, and resolving livelihood problems of stakeholders are proposed as resolutions.

The purpose of the research was to gain the lived experience of the faculty from the status of academic identities; and how new approaches to planning based on managerialism create the schism of academic identities. The research method was grounded theory. Data were collected through in-depth qualitative interviews with 16 faculty members based on theoretical and purposeful sampling, at Mazandaran University, Allameh University, Institute for Research and Planning in Higher Education, and the Institute for Cultural and Social Studies of the Ministry of SRT, which previously or currently hold management positions. In each interview by snowball sampling., key informants were identified by the interviewers. The data collection process continued until saturation was happened. Using Maxqda software, data analysis was performed in three stages of open coding, axial and selective coding and the main categories including causal conditions, intra-academic factors, extra-academic factors, strategies, and concequences emerged and based on the paradigm diagram derived from the study. The findings showed that modern approaches to planning are based on neoliberal doctrine, whereby the importance of monetization is emphasized in terms of cost savings. However, this is only one reason for the schism of academic identities, and the numerous causes ultimately create the delay space of society and higher education that have been yield to academic identity schism. Describing the delay space of the society and the planning of higher education, along with internal and external factors, created strategies that led to consequences at the individual, organizational, and social levels.

The present study aims at studying the approaches to the development of human resources planning in Tehran educational Organization by Survey on Descriptive Method. The subjects were 70 managers and assistants from different educational bureaus of Tehran and 107 designers and statisticians. A 45-item questionnaire whose items had 5 choices was designed by the researcher through Likert Scale. 20 expert validated the questionnaire and its reliability was calculated to be .93 through test-retest method.Descriptive statistics were used for the calculation of frequency, percentage, mean and variance. And for the sake of identifying the main variables, inductive statistics were used .The results showed that some of the most important approaches towards the development of human resources planning in Tehran Educational Organization are: standardization of human resources, devise decent rules in order to get and keep human resources, payment system reform, combining training and educational activities, training creative and thoughtful staff, equal educational opportunities, prediction of human resources capacities, development of a teacher-knowledge testing system, collaboration of the staff in planning, estimation of needed human resources, qualitative and quantitative expansion of vocational training and development of information technology.